Tissue Transglutaminase IgA Antibody
- S6103
Rs 850
- Why Get Tested?
To help diagnose celiac disease and to evaluate the effectiveness of a gluten-free diet - When To Get Tested?
When you have symptoms suggesting celiac disease, such as chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, anemia, and weight loss; when an infant is chronically irritable or fails to grow at a normal rate; when a close family member has celiac disease; when you are being treated for celiac disease - Sample Type:SERUM (SST or Plain)
- Fasting :NO
- Report Delivery:within 48 Hrs of Test Schdule
- Components:1 Observations
Tests Detail
| Observations Included |
| Tissue Transglutaminase IgA Antibody |
| The Test marked with (*) are in our NABL Scope. |
Sample Report
- Also Known As:
Anti-tissue Transglutaminase Antibody tTG tTGA Endomysial Antibody EMA DGP ARA Total IgA - Formal Name:
Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody; Deaminated Gliadin Peptide Antibodies; Anti-Endomysial Antibodies; - Sample Instructions:
A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm - Test Preparation Needed?
Follow your health practitioner's instructions; for diagnosis, you should continue to eat foods that contain gluten for a time period, such as several weeks, prior to testing; for monitoring, no preparation is necessary. - What Is Being Tested?
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an inappropriate immune response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, and related dietary proteins in rye and barley. Celiac disease antibody tests are a group of assays developed to help diagnose and monitor the disease and a few other gluten-sensitive conditions. These tests detect autoantibodies in the blood that the body produces as part of the immune response. This immune response leads to inflammation of the small intestine and to damage and destruction of the villi that line the intestinal wall. The villi are projections, small tissue folds that increase the surface area of the intestine and allow nutrients, vitamins, minerals, fluids, and electrolytes to be absorbed into the body. When a susceptible person is exposed to gluten, the person's body produces autoantibodies that act against constituents of the intestinal villi. When villi are damaged or destroyed, the body is much less capable of absorbing food and begins to develop symptoms associated with malnutrition and malabsorption. In the past, the only way to diagnose celiac disease was by examination of a tissue biopsy of the small intestine. While this microscopic evaluation is still considered the gold standard and is still used to confirm a diagnosis, the availability of less invasive blood tests to screen for celiac disease has reduced the number of biopsies needed. Celiac disease blood tests measure the amount of particular autoantibodies in the blood. Tests that detect the IgA class (immunoglobulin A) and IgG class (immunoglobulin G) of the autoantibodies are available, but the types that measure IgA are more specific and are used almost exclusively. IgG and IgA are two of five classes of antibody proteins that the immune system produces in response to a perceived threat. IgA is the primary antibody present in gastrointestinal secretions. IgG autoantibody tests may be ordered if a person has a deficiency in IgA. This happens about 2-3% o - How Is It Used?
Celiac disease antibody tests are primarily used to help diagnose and monitor celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder caused by an inappropriate immune response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, and related dietary proteins in rye and barley. Celiac tests are usually ordered for people with symptoms suggesting celiac disease, including anemia and abdominal pain. Sometimes celiac testing may be used to screen for asymptomatic celiac disease in those who have close relatives with the disease since about 4-12% of them have or will develop celiac disease. Testing may also be ordered in those who have other autoimmune diseases. Celiac disease blood tests measure the amount of particular antibodies in the blood. The most common tests include: Tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG), IgA class — the primary test ordered to screen for celiac disease. It is the most sensitive and specific blood test for celiac disease and is the single test preferred by the American College of Gastroenterology, according to its 2013 guidelines, as well as the American Gastroenterology Association for the detection of celiac disease in those over the age of 2 years. The IgG class of anti-tTG may be ordered as an alternative in those who have a deficiency of IgA. If the anti-tTG, IgA or IgG test is positive, then the test can also be used to monitor a person with celiac disease and to help evaluate the effectiveness of treatment; antibody levels should fall when gluten is removed from the diet. Although "tissue" is in the name of these tests, they are measured in the blood. Quantitative immunoglobulin A (IgA) test — ordered along with, prior to, or following an anti-tTG test to detect IgA deficiency, which occurs about 2-3% of the time in people with celiac disease and can lead to false-negative test results. If a person has an IgA deficiency, then a test to detect the IgG class of autoantibodies may be ordered. Deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) antibodies (anti-DGP), IgA or IgG - When Is It Ordered
Celiac disease tests are ordered when someone has signs and symptoms suggesting celiac disease, malnutrition, and/or malabsorption. The symptoms are often nonspecific and variable, making the disease difficult to spot. The symptoms may, for a time, be mild and go unnoticed and then progressively worsen or occur sporadically. The condition can affect different parts of the body. Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms may include: Abdominal pain and distension Blood stool Chronic diarrhea or constipation Flatulence Greasy, foul-smelling stools Vomiting Other signs and symptoms may include: Iron-deficiency anemia that does not respond to iron supplements Easy bruising and/or bleeding Bone and joint pain Defects in dental enamel Fatigue, weakness Mouth ulcers Weight loss In adults, infertility, osteoporosis In children, celiac disease tests may be ordered when a child exhibits: Gastrointestinal symptoms Delayed development Short stature Failure to thrive Many people with celiac disease have dermatitis herpetiformis, a disease that causes itchy blisters on the skin. There is also an increased risk for developing osteoporosis and intestinal lymphoma, a form of cancer. One or more antibody tests may be ordered when someone with celiac disease has been on a gluten-free diet for a period of time. This is done to verify that antibody levels have decreased and to verify that the diet has been effective in reversing the intestinal lining damage (this is sometimes still confirmed with a second biopsy). Asymptomatic people may be tested if they have a close relative such as a parent or sibling with celiac disease, but celiac disease testing is not recommended at this time as a screen for the general population. - What Does The Test Result Mean?
Some celiac disease tests and possible results Anti-ttg antibodies, IgA total iga anti-ttg antibodies, IgG Anti-DGP, IGA ANTI-DGP, IGG diagnosis Positive Normal Not performed Not performed Not performed Presumptive celiac disease Negative Normal Negative Negative Negative Symptoms not likely due to celiac disease Negative Low Positive Negative Positive Possible celiac disease (false negative anti-tTG, IgA and anti-DGP, IgA are due to total IgA deficiency) Negative Normal Negative Positive Positive (or not performed) Possible celiac disease (may be seen in children less than 3 years old) All positive and indeterminate celiac disease tests are typically followed by an intestinal biopsy. A biopsy is used to make a definitive diagnosis of celiac disease. If someone has been diagnosed with celiac disease and eliminates gluten from his or her diet, then the autoantibody levels should fall. If they do not fall and the symptoms do not diminish, then there may either be hidden forms of gluten in the diet that have not been eliminated (gluten is often found in unexpected places, from salad dressings to cough syrup to the adhesive used on envelopes) or the person may have one of the rare forms of celiac disease that does not respond to dietary changes. When celiac disease tests are used to monitor progress, rising levels of autoantibodies indicate some form of noncompliance with a gluten-free diet. If the person being tested has not consumed any gluten for several weeks to months prior to testing, then celiac disease tests may be negative. If the health practitioner still suspects celiac disease, he or she may do a gluten challenge – have the person introduce gluten into his or her diet for several weeks or months to see if the symptoms return. At that time, celiac disease tests may be repeated or a biopsy may be done to check for damage to the villi in the intestine. - Is There Anything Else I Should Known?
Historically, a test for anti-gliadin antibody (AGA) was used in the evaluation of celiac disease. The 2013 American College of Gastroenterology guidelines recommend against this test for the primary detection of celiac disease due to concerns with its accuracy. It is inferior to the tests for anti-tTG and anti-DPG and should no longer be part of routine testing for celiac disease. The American Gastroenterology Association makes similar recommendations. Although celiac disease is relatively common (about 1 in 100 to 150 people in the U.S. are thought to be affected), most people who have the disease are not aware of it. This is partly due to the fact that the symptoms are variable -- they may be mild or absent, even when intestinal damage is present on biopsied tissue. Since these symptoms may also be due to a variety of other conditions, a diagnosis of celiac disease may be missed or delayed, sometimes for years. What is the difference between celiac disease and an allergy to wheat and other grains? Allergies involve hypersensitivity reactions and the production of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies directed against grains such as wheat and rye. These antibodies may cause some symptoms similar to those caused by celiac disease, but they will only do so for a short time after you eat the food to which you are allergic. The reaction may be mild or severe, but it is limited and does not cause damage to the lining of your intestine the way that celiac disease does. If you feel that you may have a wheat or other grain allergy, talk to your health practitioner about getting tested for these allergen-specific IgE antibodies. Can you outgrow or desensitize yourself to celiac disease? No. Celiac disease does not go away. Once you have been diagnosed with celiac disease, you will need to follow a gluten-free diet for life. If you start eating gluten again, you will damage the lining of your intestines; it just may take awhile for the symptoms to come back. Do I n
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