Cytomegalovirus IgG Antibody
- S6028
Rs 550
- Why Get Tested?
If your health practitioner suspects that you presently have, or recently had, a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection or if it is important to know if you have ever had a CMV infection, such as prior to receiving an organ transplant - When To Get Tested?
When a young adult, a pregnant woman, or an immune-compromised person has flu-like symptoms that suggest a CMV infection; when a newborn has multiple congenital abnormalities, unexplained jaundice or anemia, and/or when an infant has seizures or developmental problems that may be due to CMV; prior to receiving an organ transplant - Sample Type:SERUM (SST or Plain)
- Fasting :NO
- Report Delivery:within 48 Hrs of Test Schdule
- Components:1 Observations
Tests Detail
| Observations Included |
| Cytomegalovirus IgG Antibody |
| The Test marked with (*) are in our NABL Scope. |
Sample Report
- Also Known As:
CMV Blood Test CMV IgG and IgM - Formal Name:
Cytomegalovirus Antibody (IgG and IgM), PCR, Culture - Sample Instructions:
A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm for CMV antibody testing; to detect the virus itself, the sample may be blood, urine, sputum, amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, duodenal fluid, or other body tissue - Test Preparation Needed?
None - What Is Being Tested?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that occurs widely throughout the population but rarely causes symptoms. In the United States, as many as 50-85% of adults have been infected with CMV. Most people are infected as children or as young adults and do not experience any significant symptoms or health problems. CMV testing involves either a measurement of CMV antibodies, immune proteins produced in response to CMV exposure, or the detection of the virus itself. The virus can be identified during an active infection by culturing CMV or by detecting the virus's genetic material (its DNA) in a fluid or tissue sample. CMV is found in many body fluids during an active infection, including saliva, urine, blood, breast milk, semen, vaginal secretions, and cerebrospinal fluid. It is easily transmitted to others through close physical contact or by contact with infected objects, such as diapers or toys. After the initial "primary" infection has resolved, CMV becomes dormant or latent, like other members of the herpes family. Cytomegalovirus remains in a person for the rest of the person's life without causing any symptoms unless the person's immune system is significantly weakened. If this happens, the virus can reactivate. CMV can cause notable health problems in three situations: In young adults, primary CMV infection may cause a flu-like or mononucleosis-type illness. This condition, which causes symptoms such as extreme fatigue, fever, chills, body aches and/or headaches, usually resolves within a few weeks. In infants, primary CMV infection may cause serious physical and developmental problems. This occurs when a woman is infected for the first time (primary infection) during pregnancy and then passes the infection to her developing baby across the placenta. Most newborns (about 90%) who are infected appear healthy at birth but may develop hearing or vision problems, pneumonia, seizures, and/or delayed mental development a few months later. A few babies m - How Is It Used?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) testing is used to determine whether someone with signs and symptoms has an active CMV infection. Sometimes it may be ordered to help determine whether someone had a prior CMV infection. CMV is a common virus that occurs widely throughout the population but rarely causes noticeable symptoms or significant health problems. However, primary CMV infection may cause serious illness and complications in newborns and people with weakened immune systems, such as transplant recipients, cancer patients, people receiving immunosuppressive drugs, and people with HIV. (See the "What is being tested?" section for more on this.) There are a few different methods of detecting a CMV infection. The choice of tests and samples collected depends on the age of the person, their general health status and symptoms, and on the health practitioner's clinical findings and suspicions of organ involvement. Antibody testing (serology) Antibody testing is done on blood samples and can be used to determine if someone has had recent or past exposure. There are two types of CMV antibodies that are produced in response to a CMV infection, IgM and IgG, and one or both may be detected in the blood. IgM antibodies are the first to be produced by the body in response to a CMV infection. They are present in most individuals within a week or two after the initial exposure. IgM antibody production rises for a short time period and then declines. After several months, the level of CMV IgM antibody usually falls below detectable levels. Additional IgM antibodies are produced when latent CMV is reactivated. IgG antibodies are produced by the body several weeks after the initial CMV infection and provide protection from primary infections. Levels of IgG rise during the active infection, then stabilize as the CMV infection resolves and the virus becomes inactive. After a person has been exposed to CMV, the person will have some measurable amount of CMV IgG antibody in their bl - When Is It Ordered
CMV tests may be ordered, along with tests for influenza, mononucleosis (mono), and EBV (Epstein-Barr virus), when a young adult, a pregnant woman, or an immune-compromised person has flu- or mono-like signs and symptoms such as: Fatigue, weakness Sore throat Swollen lymph nodes Fever Headache Muscle aches Other less common but more serious signs include inflammation of the lungs, eyes, liver, spleen, and/or digestive tract. One or more CMV tests may be ordered at intervals when a health practitioner is monitoring the effectiveness of antiviral therapy. CMV culture or molecular testing may be done for a newborn with jaundice, anemia, an enlarged spleen and/or liver, and a small head; or for an infant with hearing and vision problems, pneumonia, seizures, and/or signs of delayed mental development. When a person is a candidate for an organ or bone marrow transplant, CMV antibody testing may be ordered as a screening test to determine if the person has been exposed to CMV in the past. - What Does The Test Result Mean?
Care must be taken when interpreting the results of CMV testing. A health practitioner evaluates the results in conjunction with clinical findings, including signs and symptoms. It can sometimes be difficult to distinguish between a latent, active or reactivated CMV infection. This is due to several reasons, including: A healthy person who has been infected with CMV at one time will continue to harbor the virus. The CMV can reactivate intermittently, often sub-clinically, shedding small amounts of virus into body fluids but not causing symptoms. An immune-compromised person may not have a strong antibody response to the CMV infection; the person's IgM and IgG levels may be lower than expected even though the person has an active case of CMV. The virus may not be present in sufficient number in the particular fluid or tissue tested to able to be detected. Antibody testing A positive CMV IgG and IgM in a symptomatic person means it is likely that the person has either recently been exposed to CMV for the first time or that a previous CMV infection has been reactivated. This can be confirmed by measuring IgG levels again 2 or 3 weeks later. A high level of IgG is not as important as a rising level. If there is a 4-fold increase in IgG between the first and second sample, then the person has an active CMV infection (primary or reactivated). A positive CMV IgM and negative IgG means the person may have very recently been infected. A negative IgG and/or IgM or low levels of the antibodies in someone who is symptomatic may mean that the person either has a condition other than CMV or that the person's immune system is not responding normally (not producing an adequate amount of antibody even if CMV is present). The following table summarizes possible antibody testing results: CMV, IgM CMV, IgG Possible Interpretation Negative Negative No current or prior infection; no immunity (person is susceptible to primary infection) Symptoms due to ano - Is There Anything Else I Should Known?
CMV is one of the conditions included in a TORCH testing panel. This panel of tests screens for a group of infectious diseases that can cause illness in pregnant women and may cause birth defects in their newborns. TORCH is an acronym for: Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex virus. When blood transfusion is needed, certain patients, such as CMV-negative HIV/AIDS patients and CMV-negative heart/lung transplant candidates, should receive cellular blood products that have been tested negative for CMV antibodies (so-called CMV seronegative blood products). How can I tell if my cytomegalovirus (CMV) has reactivated? If you are a reasonably healthy person, you will probably not have a symptomatic reactivation or may have mild flu-like symptoms. If you are immune-compromised, you may have more serious symptoms associated with your lungs, digestive tract, or eyes. In this case, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider about your health concerns. If I have or had CMV, can I spread it to others? If you have a new or prior infection with CMV, you can spread it to others even if you aren't showing signs or symptoms. Nevertheless, you must be in close contact with others in order to transmit the virus. It can be spread through several types of body fluids, including saliva, breast milk, vaginal fluids, semen, urine, and blood. Is there any way to prevent getting CMV? Currently, there is no vaccine available for CMV. Careful hygiene can help prevent transmission of the virus. But, since CMV is very common, is present in most body fluids, and is passed through close contact, most people are infected when they are babies. It has been estimated that as many as 70% of children in daycare have been exposed to CMV.
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