Complement 3 (C3)
- C1069
Rs 660
- Why Get Tested?
To determine whether deficiencies or abnormalities in complement system proteins are contributing to increased infections or increased autoimmune activity; to help monitor the activity and treatment of autoimmune diseases and immune complex-related diseases (Complement deficiencies may comprise between 1 and 10% of all primary immunodeficiencies.) - When To Get Tested?
When you have recurrent microbial (usually bacterial) infections, unexplained inflammation or edema, or symptoms related to an autoimmune disorder; periodically to help monitor a known acute or chronic condition that affects the complement system - Sample Type:SERUM (SST or Plain)
- Fasting :AS PER DOCTOR
- Report Delivery:within 48 Hrs of Test Schdule
- Components:1 Observations
Tests Detail
| Observations Included |
| Complement 3 (C3) |
| The Test marked with (*) are in our NABL Scope. |
Sample Report
- Also Known As:
C1 C1q C2 C3 C4 CH50 CH100 Total Complement - Formal Name:
Complement (Antigen, Functional or Activity) - Sample Instructions:
A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm - Test Preparation Needed?
None - What Is Being Tested?
The complement system consists of almost 60 proteins, approximately 30 of which are circulating blood proteins that work together to promote immune and inflammatory responses. Complement tests measure the amount or activity of complement proteins in the blood. The complement system's principal role is to help identify, destroy and remove foreign pathogens like bacteria and viruses, as well as damaged "self" materials (e.g., cells and proteins). The complement system is so named because it “complements” or aids the natural body defenses, such as antibodies. So, the complement system is also activated when the body makes antibodies, whether against itself or foreign invaders. The body makes antibodies against its own tissues that it thinks are foreign (autoantibodies) in various autoimmune diseases. The complement system is part of the body's innate immune system. Unlike the acquired immune system, which produces antibodies that target and protect against specific threats, the innate immune system is non-specific and can quickly respond to foreign substances. It does not require previous exposure to an invading microbe or offending substance and does not maintain a memory of previous encounters. There are nine primary complement proteins that are designated C1 through C9. These components, in addition to the remaining proteins, work together in a cascade-like approach by activating, amplifying, breaking apart, and forming protein complexes that respond to infections, "non-self" tissues (e.g., transplants), dead cell debris (e.g., from apoptosis), or inflammation. The complement cascade consists of 3 separate pathways that may be activated to converge in a final common pathway. The pathways include the "classical pathway" (including components C1qrs, C2, C4), the "alternative pathway" (including components C3, factor B, properdin), and the "lectin pathway" (a.k.a. mannan-binding lectin [MBL]). The end result of all three activation pathways is the same – the format - How Is It Used?
Complement tests, most commonly C3 and C4, are used to determine whether deficiencies or abnormalities in the complement system are causing, or contributing to, a person's disease or condition. Total complement activity (CH50) may be ordered to look at the integrity of the entire classical complement pathway. Other complement components are ordered as needed to look for deficiencies. Complement testing may be used to: Help diagnose the cause of recurrent microbial infections (such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides, Neisseria gonorrhea), angioedema, or inflammation Help diagnose and monitor the activity and treatment of acute or chronic autoimmune diseases such as lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus or SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis Monitor immune complex-related diseases and conditions such as glomerulonephritis (a kidney disorder), serum sickness, and vasculitis - When Is It Ordered
Complement testing may be ordered when a person has unexplained inflammation or edema or symptoms of an autoimmune disorder such as lupus. It may also be ordered when a healthcare practitioner suspects that someone may have an immune complex-related condition and wants to check the status of the person's complement system. Individual complement components may be ordered when the total complement activity (CH50, sometimes called CH100) is abnormal to help determine which of the components are deficient or abnormal. C3 and C4 levels are the most frequently ordered, but others, such as C1 inhibitor, may be ordered when other deficiencies are suspected. C3 and C4 are often ordered together as the relative levels are often important. When an acute or chronic condition has been diagnosed, complement testing may be used to help give a rough idea of the severity of the condition with the assumption that the severity is linked to the decrease in complement levels. Complement testing may also be ordered occasionally when a healthcare practitioner wants to monitor the current activity of a condition. - What Does The Test Result Mean?
Complement levels may be decreased due to increased consumption (because of increased activation) or, more rarely, a hereditary deficiency. Hereditary deficiency in one of the complement proteins will usually lead to a high frequency of recurrent microbial infections. Decreased complement levels also are associated with an increased risk of developing an autoimmune disease. Both C3 and C4 levels are typically depressed in lupus while C3 alone is low in septicemia and infections caused by fungi or parasites such as malaria. If the deficiency is due to an underlying acute or chronic condition, complement levels will usually return to normal if the underlying condition can be resolved. Decreased complement activity may be seen with: Recurrent microbial infections (usually bacterial) Autoimmune diseases, including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis Hereditary angioedema Acquired angioedema Various types of kidney disease, including glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, membranous nephritis, and IgA nephropathy as well as kidney transplant rejection Cirrhosis Hepatitis Malnutrition Septicemia, shock Serum sickness (immune complex disease) Complement protein levels are usually increased, along with other unrelated proteins called acute phase reactants, during acute or chronic inflammation. These all usually return to normal when the underlying condition is resolved. However, complement proteins are rarely measured in these conditions, compared to the widely ordered C-reactive protein (CRP), and the relevance of their measurement in these situations is not reviewed here. Increased complement activity may also be seen with: Cancer (leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, sarcoma) Ulcerative colitis Thyroiditis Acute myocardial infarction Sarcoidosis Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis - Is There Anything Else I Should Known?
Increased and decreased complement levels will not tell a healthcare practitioner what is wrong with a patient, but they can give an indication that the immune system is involved with a condition. What are the other parts of the innate immune system? It includes: The phagocytic system (white blood cells, including neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages), whose function is to ingest and digest invading microbes Inflammatory mediators produced by various cells, including basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils Natural killer (NK), B and T cells that are specialized lymphocytes that kill some tumors cells, microorganisms, and cells that have been infected by viruses Acute phase reactants and cytokines, which are a group of soluble proteins that can cause changes in the growth of many cells, including the white blood cells that produce them
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