Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) - PBC224
Rs 500
Tests Detail
| Observations Included |
| Ceruloplasmin |
| Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC) * |
| The Test marked with (*) are in our NABL Scope. |
Sample Report
- Also Known As:
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) - Formal Name:
Glomerular Filtration Rate, Estimated GFR eGFR Calculated Glomerular Filtration Rate cGFR diabetes c - Sample Instructions:
With a blood creatinine test as part of a routine health exam or when your healthcare practitioner thinks that you may have kidney damage or that you may be at risk for developing kidney disease - Test Preparation Needed?
A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm; the eGFR is a calculated estimate of the actual glomerular filtration rate and is based on your blood creatinine level along with other variables such as your age, sex, and race, depending on the equation used. - What Is Being Tested?
This test uses a blood creatinine level to calculate a result. You may be instructed to fast overnight or refrain from eating cooked meat; some studies have shown that eating cooked meat prior to testing can temporarily increase the level of creatinine. - How Is It Used?
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of the function of the kidneys. This test measures the level of creatinine in the blood and uses the result in a formula to calculate a number that reflects how well the kidneys are functioning, called the estimated GFR or eGFR. Glomeruli are tiny filters in the kidneys that allow waste products to be removed from the blood, while preventing the loss of important constituents, including proteins and blood cells. Every day, healthy kidneys filter about 200 quarts of blood and produce about 2 quarts of urine. The GFR refers to the amount of blood that is filtered by the glomeruli per minute. As a person's kidney function declines due to damage or disease, the filtration rate decreases and waste products begin to accumulate in the blood. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a decrease in kidney function that is often progressive. CKD can be seen with a variety of conditions, including diabetes and high blood pressure. Early detection of kidney dysfunction can help to minimize the damage. This is important as symptoms of kidney disease may not be noticeable until as much as 30-40% of kidney function is lost. Measuring glomerular filtration rate directly is considered the most accurate way to detect changes in kidney status, but measuring the GFR directly is complicated, requires experienced personnel, and is typically performed only in research settings and transplant centers. Because of this, the estimated GFR is usually used. The eGFR is a calculation based on a serum creatinine test. Creatinine is a muscle waste product that is filtered from the blood by the kidneys and released into the urine at a relatively steady rate. When kidney function decreases, less creatinine is eliminated and concentrations increase in the blood. With the creatinine test, a reasonable estimate of the actual GFR can be determined. Different equations may be used to calculate eGFR. The following two are most common and require a p - When Is It Ordered
The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is used to screen for and detect early kidney damage, to help diagnose chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to monitor kidney status. It is a calculation based on the results of a blood creatinine test along with other variables such as age, sex, and race (e.g., African-American, non-African American), depending on the equation used. The National Kidney Disease Education Program, American Society of Nephrology, and the National Kidney Foundation all recommend that an eGFR be calculated every time a creatinine blood test is done. The creatinine test is ordered frequently as part of a routine comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) or basic metabolic panel (BMP), or along with a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test to evaluate the status of a person's kidneys. Creatinine, along with eGFR, is often used to monitor people with known CKD and those with conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension) that may lead to kidney damage. Other tests that may be done at the same time to help detect kidney damage and/or evaluate kidney function are: Urine albumin (microalbumin) and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR)—used to screen people with chronic conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, that put them at an increased risk of developing kidney disease; increased levels of albumin in the urine may indicate kidney damage. Urinalysis—may be used to help detect signs of kidney damage, such as the presence of blood or casts in the urine - What Does The Test Result Mean?
A creatinine test and eGFR may be ordered when a healthcare practitioner wants to evaluate a person's kidney function as part of a health checkup or if kidney disease is suspected. Signs and symptoms of kidney disease may include: Swelling or puffiness, particularly around the eyes or in the face, wrists, abdomen, thighs, or ankles Urine that is foamy, bloody, or coffee-colored A decrease in the amount of urine Problems urinating, such as a burning feeling or abnormal discharge during urination, or a change in the frequency of urination, especially at night Mid-back pain (flank), below the ribs, near where the kidneys are located High blood pressure (hypertension) As kidney disease worsens, symptoms may include: Urinating more or less often Feeling itchy Tiredness, loss of concentration Loss of appetite, nausea and/or vomiting Swelling and/or numbness in hands and feet Darkened skin Muscle cramps An eGFR may be repeated if the initial result is abnormal to see if it persists. The test is usually ordered periodically when a person has a chronic kidney disease (CKD) or a condition such as diabetes or hypertension that is associated with an increased risk of kidney damage. - Is There Anything Else I Should Known?
Estimated GFR results are reported as milliliters/minute/1.73m2 (mL/min/1.73m2). Because some laboratories do not collect information on a patient's race when the sample is collected for testing, they may report calculated results for both African Americans and non-African Americans. The healthcare practitioner uses the result that applies to the particular patient in order to interpret the results correctly. A normal eGFR for adults is greater than 90 mL/min/1.73m2, according to the National Kidney Foundation. (Because the calculation works best for estimating reduced kidney function, actual numbers are only reported once values are less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2). An eGFR below 60 mL/min/1.73m2 suggests that some kidney damage has occurred. The test may be repeated to see if the abnormal result persists. Chronic kidney disease is diagnosed when a person has an eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 for more than three months. A person may have some kidney damage even with an eGFR greater than 90 mL/min/1.73m2. Other evidence, such as increased urine albumin, may indicate some degree of kidney damage. Thus, a person's eGFR should be interpreted in relation to the person's clinical history and presenting conditions. The following table summarizes estimated GFR and the stages of kidney damage: Kidney damage stage description estimated gfr (ML/MIN/1.73M2) other findings 1 Normal or minimal kidney damage with normal GFR 90+ Protein or albumin in urine may be high, cells or casts rarely seen in urine (see Urinalysis) 2 Mild decrease in GFR 60-89 Protein or albumin in urine may be high, cells or casts rarely seen in urine 3 Moderate decrease in GFR 30-59 4 Severe decrease in GFR 15-29 5 Kidney failure <15
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