Beta-2- Glycoprotein -1 IgA
- PBC242
Rs 1100
- Why Get Tested?
To help investigate inappropriate blood clot formation (thrombotic episode or venous thromboembolism); to help determine the cause of recurrent miscarriage; as part of an evaluation for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) - When To Get Tested?
When you have had one or more unexplained blood clots in a vein or artery; when you have had recurrent miscarriages, especially in the second and third trimesters Sample Required? A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm - Sample Type:SERUM (SST or Plain)
- Fasting :AS PER DOCTOR
- Report Delivery:With in 48 Hours of test schdule
- Components:1 Observations
Tests Detail
| Observations Included |
| Beta-2- Glycoprotein -1 IgA |
| The Test marked with (*) are in our NABL Scope. |
Sample Report
- Also Known As:
Anti-Beta-2 Glycoprotein 1 β2-Glycoprotein 1 Antibodies Beta 2GP1 Ab - Formal Name:
Beta-2 Glycoprotein 1 Antibodies IgG, IgM, and IgA - Sample Instructions:
A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm - Test Preparation Needed?
None - What Is Being Tested?
Beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibody is an autoantibody that is associated with inappropriate blood clotting. This test detects and measures one or more classes (IgG, IgM, or IgA) of beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies. Beta-2 glycoprotein antibody is considered one of the primary autoantibodies called antiphospholipid antibodies that mistakenly target the body's own lipid-proteins (phospholipids) found in the outermost layer of cells (cell membranes) and platelets. This test is often ordered along with those for the other antiphospholipid antibodies, cardiolipin antibody and lupus anticoagulant. Antiphospholipid antibodies interfere with the body's blood clotting process in a way that is not fully understood. Their presence increases a person's risk of developing inappropriate blood clots (thrombi) in both arteries and veins. Antiphospholipid antibodies are most frequently seen in people with the autoimmune disorder called antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), which is associated with blood clots (thrombotic episodes), a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia), or with pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia and recurrent miscarriages, especially in the second and third trimesters. One or more antiphospholipid antibodies may also be seen with other autoimmune disorders, such as lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE). How is the sample collected for testing? A blood sample is obtained by inserting a needle into a vein in the arm. Is any test preparation needed to ensure the quality of the sample? No test preparation is needed. See More See Less Accordion Title - How Is It Used?
Beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibody tests are used along with cardiolipin antibody and lupus anticoagulant testing to help diagnose the cause of an unexplained blood clot (thrombotic episode) or recurrent miscarriages, to help diagnose antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), or to detect the autoantibodies in someone with another autoimmune disorder. Antiphospholipid antibodies, including beta-2 glycoprotein anitboides, are associated with excessive clotting. They interfere with the body's blood clotting process in a way that is not fully understood. (See the "What is being tested?" section for more.) As beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibody is less common than the other antiphospholipid antibodies, it may be ordered as a follow-up to those tests to provide a health practitioner with additional information. However, beta 2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies have been reported to be more specific (but less sensitive) than cardiolipin antibodies for the diagnosis of APS. Laboratory tests can detect three different classes of these autoantibodies: IgG, IgM, and IgA. If all three of the initial antiphospholipid antibody tests for the IgG and IgM classes are negative but APS is still suspected, then the IgA class of these antibodies may be tested, along with other less common antiphospholipid antibodies, such as anti-phosphatidylserine and anti-prothrombin. However, the value of testing for the IgA class of antiphospholipid antibodies remains controversial. According to the international consensus statement on APS, the presence of the IgA class (either anticardiolipin antibodies or beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies) does not fulfill laboratory criteria for APS diagnosis. If a beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibody is detected, the same test will be repeated about 12 weeks later to determine whether its presence is persistent or temporary. If a person with an autoimmune disorder tests negative for antiphospholipid antibodies, testing may be repeated at a later time to determine if the person has begun t - When Is It Ordered
Beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibody tests and other antiphospholipid antibody testing may be ordered when a person's symptoms suggest a blood clot in a vein or artery. Symptoms may include pain and swelling in the extremities, shortness of breath, and headaches. Beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibody tests may also be ordered when a woman has had recurrent miscarriages or when a person has signs and symptoms of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), such as: Persistent headaches Stroke Pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia Chest pain Shortness of breath Speech and/or cognitive changes Seizures Memory loss A beta-2 glycoprotein 1 IgA antibody test may sometimes be ordered when initial antiphospholipid antibody testing for the IgG and IgM class is negative but suspicion of APS is still strong. When one of the antibody tests is positive, it will be repeated at least 12 weeks later to determine whether the antibody is temporary or persistent. When a person with an autoimmune disorder tests negative for beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibody, testing may be repeated periodically to screen for antibody development. - What Does The Test Result Mean?
A positive beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibody test may indicate that the person has antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), as they are most frequently seen with the condition. Current diagnostic criteria for APS are based upon both clinical findings and the persistent presence of one or more antiphospholipid antibodies. If a high level of beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibody is detected initially and then again 12 weeks later in a person with signs of APS, then it is likely that the person has the disorder. This is especially true if other antiphospholipid antibodies are also detected. If a person is negative for beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies but positive for other antiphospholipid antibodies and has signs and symptoms, then that person also likely has APS. If the test is weakly to moderately positive for beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies and weakly positive or negative for other antiphospholipid antibodies, then the antibody presence may be due to a condition other than APS. If subsequent testing is negative, then it is likely that the antibodies were temporary. This may be seen with an acute infection. A single positive beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibody result is not diagnostic of APS, and a negative result does not rule out antiphospholipid antibody development. They just indicate the presence or absence of the antibody at the time of testing. That is why a diagnosis of APS requires clinical symptoms plus at least two positive tests for an antiphospholipid antibody at least 12 weeks apart. If a person with another autoimmune disorder, such as lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE), has beta-2 glycoprotein antibodies, they may increase the risk of developing a clot in a blood vessel. - Is There Anything Else I Should Known?
One or more antiphospholipid antibodies may be present with a variety of autoimmune disorders. (See the article on Autoimmune Disorders for a list of examples.) A person may also have co-existing autoimmune disorders, such as both antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and lupus. These autoantibodies may also be found temporarily in people with acute infections, HIV/AIDS, some cancers, or with use of drugs such as phenytoin, penicillin, and procainamide.
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